A variance is an exception to the existing zoning, whereas a nonconforming use (also known as a grandfather clause) arises when there is a change to the zoning but an existing use is still permitted to continue.

With respect to remedies upon breach of contract, specific performance is a legal action brought in a court of equity to compel a party to carry out the terms of a contract, whereas liquidated damages is an amount predetermined by the parties to an agreement as the total amount of compensation an injured party should receive if the other party breaches a specified part of the contract.